Tag: speech to text

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Hearing voices

A presentation for Berklee BTOT 2015 http://www.berklee.edu/faculty

(KITT dashboard by Dave Metlesits)

The voice was the first musical instrument. Humans are not the only source of musical voices. Machines have voices. Animals too.

Topics
  • synthesizing voices (formant synthesis, text to speech, Vocaloid)
  • processing voices (pitch-shifting, time-stretching, vocoding, filtering, harmonizing),
  • voices of the natural world
  • fictional languages and animals
  • accents
  • speech and music recognition
  • processing voices as pictures
  • removing music from speech
  • removing voices

Voices

We instantly recognize people and animals by their voices. As an artist we work to develop our own voice. Voices contain information beyond words. Think of R2D2 or Chewbacca.

There is also information between words: “Palin Biden Silences” David Tinapple, 2008: http://vimeo.com/38876967

Synthesizing voices

The vocal spectrum

What’s in a voice?

Singing chords

Humans acting like synthesizers.

More about formants
Text to speech

Teaching machines to talk.

vocodblk.gif

  • phonemes (unit of sound)
  • diphones (combination of phonemes) (Mac OS “Macintalk 3  pro”)
  • morphemes (unit of meaning)
  • prosody (musical quality of speech)
Methods
  • articulatory (anatomical model)
  • formant (additive synthesis) (speak and spell)
  • concatentative (building blocks) (Mac Os)

Try the ‘say’ command (in Mac OS terminal), for example: say hello

More about text to speech
Vocoders

Combining the energy of voice with musical instruments (convolution)

  • Peter Frampton “talkbox”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqYDQPN_nXQ (about 5:42) – Where is the exciting audience noise in this video?
  • Ableton Live example: Local file: Max/MSP: examples/effects/classic-vocoder-folder/classic_vocoder.maxpat
  • Max vocoder tutorial (In the frequency domain), by dude837 – Sam Tarakajian https://reactivemusic.net/?p=17362 (local file: dude837/4-vocoder/robot-master.maxpat
More about vocoders
Vocaloid

By Yamaha

(text + notation = singing)

Demo tracks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWkHypp3kuQ

Vocaloop device http://vocaloop.jp/ demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLpX2M7I6og#t=24

Processing voices

Transformation

Pitch transposing a baby https://reactivemusic.net/?p=2458

Real time pitch shifting

Autotune: “T-Pain effect” ,(I-am-T-Pain bySmule), “Lollipop” by Lil’ Wayne. “Woods” by Bon Iver https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_cePGP6lbU

Autotuna in Max 7

by Matthew Davidson

Local file: max-teaching-examples/autotuna-test.maxpat

InstantDecomposer in Pure Data (Pd)

by Katja Vetter

http://www.katjaas.nl/slicejockey/slicejockey.html

Autocorrelation: (helmholtz~ Pd external) “Helmholtz finds the pitch” http://www.katjaas.nl/helmholtz/helmholtz.html

(^^ is input pitch, preset #9 is normal)

  • local file: InstantDecomposer version: tkzic/pdweekend2014/IDecTouch/IDecTouch.pd
  • local file: slicejockey2test2/slicejockey2test2.pd
Phasors and Granular synthesis

Disassembling time into very small pieces

Time-stretching

Adapted from Andy Farnell, “Designing Sound”

https://reactivemusic.net/?p=11385 Download these patches from: https://github.com/tkzic/max-projects folder: granular-timestretch

  • Basic granular synthesis: graintest3.maxpat
  • Time-stretching: timestretch5.maxpat

More about phasors and granular synthesis
Phase vocoder

…coming soon

Sonographic sound processing

Changing sound into pictures and back into sound

by Tadej Droljc

 https://reactivemusic.net/?p=16887

(Example of 3d speech processing at 4:12)

local file: SSP-dissertation/4 – Max/MSP/Jitter Patch of PV With Spectrogram as a Spectral Data Storage and User Interface/basic_patch.maxpat

Try recording a short passage, then set bound mode to 4, and click autorotate

Speech to text

Understanding the meaning of speech

The Google Speech API

A conversation with a robot in Max

https://reactivemusic.net/?p=9834

Google speech uses neural networks, statistics, and large quantities of data.

More about speech to text

Voices of the natural world

Changes in the environment reflected by sound

Fictional languages and animals

“You can talk to the animals…”

Pig creatures example: http://vimeo.com/64543087

  • 0:00 Neutral
  • 0:32 Single morphemes – neutral mode
  • 0:37 Series, with unifying sounds and breaths
  • 1:02 Neutral, layered
  • 1:12 Sad
  • 1:26 Angry
  • 1:44 More Angry
  • 2:11 Happy

What about Jar Jar Binks?

Accents

The sound changes but the words remain the same.

The Speech accent archive https://reactivemusic.net/?p=9436

Finding and removing music in speech

We are always singing.

Jamming with speech
Removing music from speech
SMS-tools

by Xavier Serra and UPF

Harmonic Model Plus Residual (HPR) – Build a spectrogram using STFT, then identify where there is strong correlation to a tonal harmonic structure (music). This is the harmonic model of the sound. Subtract it from the original spectrogram to get the residual (noise).

Screen Shot 2015-01-06 at 1.40.37 AM

Screen Shot 2015-01-06 at 1.40.12 AM

Settings for above example:

  • Window size: 1800 (SR / f0 * lobeWidth) 44100 / 200 * 8 = 1764
  • FFT size: 2048
  • Mag threshold: -90
  • Max harmonics: 30
  • f0 min: 150
  • f0 max: 200
feature detection
  • time dependent
  • Low level features: harmonicity, amplitude, fundamental frequency
  • high level features: mood, genre, danceability

Acoustic Brainz: (typical analysis page) https://reactivemusic.net/?p=17641

Essentia (open source feature detection tools)  https://github.com/MTG/essentia

Freesound (vast library of sounds):  https://www.freesound.org – look at “similar sounds”

Removing voices from music

A sad thought

phase cancellation encryption

This method was used to send secret messages during world war 2. Its now used in cell phones to get rid of echo. Its also used in noise canceling headphones.

https://reactivemusic.net/?p=8879

max-projects/phase-cancellation/phase-cancellation-example.maxpat

Center channel subtraction

What is not left and not right?

Ableton Live – utility/difference device: https://reactivemusic.net/?p=1498 (Allison Krause example)

Local file: Ableton-teaching-examples/vocal-eliminator

More experiments

Questions

  • Why do most people not like the recorded sound of their voice?
  • Can voice be used as a controller?
  • How do you recognize voices?
  • Does speech recognition work with singing?
  • How does the Google Speech API know the difference between music and speech?
  • How can we listen to ultrasonic animal sounds?
  • What about animal translators?

 

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Google speech API v2

notes

update 5/17/2014: The key in the post below is now disabled. Trying this one: AIzaSyBOti4mM-6x9WDnZIjIeyEU21OpBXqWBgw 

It worked for now – but I will probably need to get a real key… and add instructions for inserting the key into the patches: robot_conversation5.maxpat and speech-to-google-text-api5.maxpat

Basic instructions are

  • edit Max patch
  • go into the sub patch: call-google-speech and replace the key string inside the curl command with the correct key.
earlier post

v1 API of Google Speech broke a few days ago.

Here is an example of how to run v2. https://github.com/gillesdemey/google-speech-v2

I have updated the Max patches in the Internet Sensors project. https://github.com/tkzic/internet-sensors

This version of the API produces malformed JSON responses.

Here’s an example using curl:

curl -v -i -X POST -H “Content-Type:audio/x-flac; rate=16000” -T /tmp/tweet.flac “https://www.google.com/speech-api/v2/recognize?xjerr=1&client=chromium&lang=en-US&maxresults=10&pfilter=0&xjerr=1&key=AIzaSyCnl6MRydhw_5fLXIdASxkLJzcJh5iX0M4”

Instructions for getting a real key…  http://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/api-keys

Note: Need to look at the double buffering methods in the Max patches to make sure they are handling various sample rates properly. I think they may be optimized for 44.1 KHz

 

 

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Notes: Chatbots in Conversation

update 6/2014 – Now part of the Internet sensors projects: https://reactivemusic.net/?p=5859

original post

They can talk with each other… sort of.

Last spring I made a project that lets you talk with chatbots using speech recognition and synthesis. https://reactivemusic.net/?p=4710.

Yesterday I managed to get two instances of this program, running on two computers, using two chatbots,  to talk with each other, through the air. Technical issues remain (see below). But there were moments of real interaction.

In the original project, a human pressed button in Max to start and stop recording speech. This has been automated. The program detects and records speech, using audio level sensing. The auto-recording sensor turns on a switch when the level hits a threshold, and turns off after a period of silence. Threshold level and duration of silence can be adjusted by the user.  There is also a feedback gate that shuts off auto-record while the computer is converting speech to text, and ‘speaking’ a reply.

technical issues

  • The Google speech API has difficulty with some of the voices used by the Mac OS speech synthesizer. We’ll need to experiment to find which voices produce accurate results.
  • The overall levels produced by the builtin Macbook speakers is not quite enough to achieve clear communication. The auto-recorder missed the onset of speech sometimes. One solution would be to insert a click to trigger the recorder, just before the speech synthesizer begins the actual speech. Or to use external speakers, or a secondary “wired” connection.
  • It would be nice to have menus of chatbots and voices. Also to automate the start of a new conversation thread.
  • The button to start the audio detector had to be operated by key-press because pushing the trackpad on a MacBook makes too much noise and always triggers the audio level detector.
  • Occasionally a chat bot would deliver a long response, or one containing a web address. These were problematic for recognition and synthesis.

local files

  • tkzic/internetsensors/speech-to-google-text-api3.maxpat
  • tkzic/internetsensors/pandorabots-api2.maxpat
  • tkzic/internetsensors/text-to-speech3.maxpat

 

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Conversation with a robot in Max

This project brings together several examples of API programming with Max. The pandorabots.api patch contains an example of using curl to generate an XML response file, then converts XML to JSON using a Python script. The resulting JSON file is read into Max and parsed using the [js] object.

Here is an audio recording of my conversation (using Max) with a text chatbot named ‘Chomsky’

‘Chomsky’ lives at http://pandorabots.com.

My voice gets recorded by Max then converted to text by the Google speech-api.

The text is passed to the Pandorabots API. The chatbot response gets spoken by the aka.speech external which uses the Mac OS built-in text-to-speech system.

Note: The above recording was processed with a ‘silence truncate’ effect because there were  3-5 second delays between responses. In realtime it has the feel of the Houston/Apollo dialogs.

pandorabots-api.maxpat (which handles chatbot responses) gets text input from speech-to-google-text-api2.maxpat – a patch that converts speech to text using the Google speech-API.

https://reactivemusic.net/?p=4690

The output (responses from chatbot) get sent to twitter-search-to-speech2.maxpat which “speaks” using the Mac OS  text-to-speech program using the aka.speech external.

files

Max

  • speech-to-google-text-api2.maxpat
  • JSON-google-speech.js
  • pandorabots-api.maxpat
  • JSON-pandorabot.js
  • text-to-speech2.maxpat

externals:

[authorization]

  • none required

external programs:

  • sox: sox audio conversion program must be in the computer’s executable file path, ie., /usr/bin – or you can rewrite the [sprintf] input to [aka.shell] with the actual path. Get sox from: http://sox.sourceforge.net
  • xml2json (python) in tkzic/internetsensors/: xml2json/xml2json.py and xml2json/setup.py (for translating XML to JSON) – [NOTE] you will need to change the path in the [sprintf] object in pandorabots.api to point to the folder containing this python script.

instructions

  • Open the three Max patches.
    • speech-to-google-text-api2.maxpat
    • pandorabots-api.maxpat
    • text-to-speech2.maxpat
  • Clear the custid in the pandorabots-api patch
  • Start audio in the Google speech patch. Then toggle the mic button and say something.
  • After the first response, go to the pandorabots-api patch and click the new custid – so that the chatbot retains the thread of the conversation.

download:

The files for this project can be downloaded from the intenet-sensors archive at github

https://github.com/tkzic/internet-sensors

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Speech recognition in Max

(update 6/2014): its easier to use the Google speech-api by calling it from curl. See recent examples at: https://reactivemusic.net/?p=4690

original post:

from Luke Hall in the c74 forum:

http://cycling74.com/forums/topic.php?id=18403

I’ve used Macspeech Dictate in this way. In fact it uses the same speech recognition engine as Dragon Naturally Speaking, it works very well but you could potentially run into the same problems as CJ described above.

Another way to achieve this on a mac is using the built in voice recognition and applescripts and extra suites, which is an applescript extension that extends the range of what you can do, including letting you send key presses.

1. Turn on “speakable items” from system preferences > speech > speech recognition.
2. Open max.
3. Open script editor and write a script like this:

tell application “MaxMSP” to activate
tell application “Extra Suites”
ES type key “1”
end tell

4. Save it in library > speech > speakable items > application speakable items > maxmsp and name the file whatever you want the voice command to be, for example “press one”
6. Now on the floating speech icon click the down arrow at the bottom and “open speech commands window”. With max as the front-most application check that the commands you just saved as applescripts have appeared in the maxmsp folder.
7. Now simply hook up a [key] object in max, press “escape” (or whichever key you have set up to turn speech recognition on) and say “press one” and you should have [key] spit out “49”!

Sorry about the length explanation I hope it makes sense to you and gives you another possible (and cheaper!) method of obtaining you goals.

Oh and the applescript extension can be downloaded from: http://www.kanzu.com/

lh